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Coral Reefs - Wikipedia Coral Reefs are calcium carbonate structures formed by colonial coralline algae and other organisms, primarily madrepoorid corals, that secrete calcium carbonate. They are found in shallow, warm, clear and sunlit waters of the tropical and subtropical oceans. Coral reefs harbor approximately 25% of all marine life. The term "coral reef" is a collective term for several different types of biological structures that are formed when corals settle and grow on a substrate. The growth forms of coral reefs are the result of genetically coded behavior of specific coral species in response to environmental stimuli. The structure of a coral reef is divided into three zones: the fore reef, the reef flat, and the back reef. The fore reef is